Ancient Greece Book Review - 1583 Words

Ancient Greece Paired Book Review By Rohan Ahluwalia Core 2 What were the most memorable moments in the books for you? Why? The Odyssey and the Hatchet were both great books. The most memorable moment in the books were hard to choose as there were many interesting parts. In the book, The Odyssey, the most memorable moment for me was when the wife of Odysseus, Penelopeia, organizes an archery contest.The contest was to string the bow that belonged to Odysseus and fire it through the opening of twelve axes. She organizes this contest as she suspects the strange beggar to be her lost husband, Odysseus. She knew nobody would be able to complete this task except for him. In the book, â€Å"for all i don t think it will be easy to bend the fine bow. There is not a man in all this company as good as Odysseus.† (p. 263). She announced that she would marry the person who won the contest. There were many Suitors in the house of Odysseus, who wanted to marry Penelopeia so that they could steal her wealth. The suitors tried the contest and failed, except for Odysseus disguised as the beggar. Once he strings the bow he reveals his identity and reunites with his wife. In the book Hatchet, I loved the part where Brian creates fire with the hatchet. He wante d to create fire so that he could fend off insects and animals. He figured that the hatchet could create a spark after he threw it at the porcupine but missed and hit a rock. Motivated to create a fire, he went out and gatheredShow MoreRelatedEssay On Ptsd997 Words   |  4 Pagesthe First World War. Mesopotamia is the ancient Greek name referred to the historic region located within the Tigris-Euphrates river system, establishing the present day of Iraq. The concept of PTSD has been existed since 4,000 years ago, specifically during the Mesopotamia era between 2027 and 2003 B.C., where the Elamites civilizations attacked the city of Ur (Kucmin, Kucmin, Nogalski, Sojczuk, Jojczuk, 2016, p. 270). Despite the fact that the ancient warfare might not be as highly destructiveRead MoreCriticism Of Secular Humanism787 Words   |  4 Pagesright and wrong and not what someone else said in a book. Now for the definitions gathered from multiple books. The first definition, â€Å"Any set of moral principles or school of moral philosophy whose values do not derive from religion or believe in the supernatural,† from the resource book titled, Ethics Revised Edition, Edited by John K. Roth, Copyright C 1994, 2005, by Salem Press, Inc. The second definition stated by Paul Kurtz in his book What is Secular Humanism, â€Å"Secular humanism rejectsRead MoreSpeech Is The Effective Form Of A Culture972 Words   |  4 Pagesyou see in class? 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This topic is of relevance to feminist’s who are smashing down barriers on stereotypes of women, this study attempts to shed some light to recognize the roles of Athena and Greek women. Past research has analyzed the differences between Greek women and Athena on how they contrast with responsibilities. What is of ten ignored is the complexity of both individualsRead MoreHomer: Blind or Captive Essay513 Words   |  3 PagesBCE, but their is no exact date but they know it is between the 12th and 8th century BCE. He is believed to be blind man, because of a character in his poems The Iliad. He is known for sure to have born and died in Greece or Asia Minor, although no one knows exactly where in Greece or Asia Minor. He is believe to also have a curly hair and beard, and â€Å"sightless eyes.† He looks as if he is almost bald on top of his head. In all statues that are created to look like him have these qualities. HeRead MoreInformative Speech About Travelling805 Words   |  4 Pagesbehavior of a person. III. Establish Credibility: I have some experience of traveling to different countries of Africa and Europe, and some of Asia. IV. Thesis and Preview: Today I would like to tell you about how I prepare to travel, and why Greece and Thailand were some of my favorite places to go. Body I. Main Point 1 1) Before I travel, I try to make a simple plan, look at the map, to understand where is this place, what countries border, climate, and language. You would enjoy yourRead MoreThe History of Euthanasia1662 Words   |  7 PagesThe History of Euthanasia An ethical dilemma that has plagued history for centuries, it caused a schism of belief between the ancient philosophers, was disputed throughout the Early Modern period, and continues to be largely controversial topic today. This topic is the question of euthanasia. 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Cause Of Social Media Essay - 702 Words

CAUSE OF SOCIAL MEDIA Recently, social media become hot topic in this era. Social media is used by children, adults, and many people. Social media is something people can communicate with other people when there is have a internet. Social media brings some impact into human life. Social media is channels or means of social interaction online in cyberspace (internet). Social media users communicate, interact, send messages, and share, and build networks (romelteamedia). Until now, all on this earth are already using social media. Why social media is important? Social media is important to people because social media can connect us with many people. Now, people using social media for texting, video call, messaging, and et cetera. Humans†¦show more content†¦If the effect have a pros. Now, let’s explain about cons. Cons of social media is social media steal all your time. You will missing the time only because social media. Social media can make you crazy. Because of soc ial media and internet, they lazy to search an information in book. They only use google in the gadget to find it. They only search a simple way. Cons for the kids is they everyday playing gadget. They eyes not moving from the screen because if kids find the funny things. They will not stop to watching it. For the teens, they will be a individuals people. Include a gamers. They only communicate with gadget or another technology. Not to the people. They usually comfortable with their gadget and forget about their life. And not care about around people. With gadget, teens using it no to good informations. But another negative information like pornography. Many pornography not blocked. So teens can see it. Cyber bullying is one most of the many impact because cyber bullying is a form of violence on the internet that is undertaken or experienced by a person, especially children and adolescents. And many hoax about information, which eventually led to a gossip. Gossip can make a person depressed. Another negative one is forgetting. Too much play social media impact forgetting. Our memory decreases because of when someone is too engrossed in playing gadgets and talking in social media then the memory of a person such as soShow MoreRelatedCause and Effect of Social Media Essay888 Words   |  4 Pagesyounger generation in particular. Technology plays as a key factor in most lives, social media especially. Among the most popular of social media are Facebook, Twitter and Instagram, all with the main purpose to share or view personal information and experiences, communicate with others and meet new people on social or professional grounds. There are several positives and negatives effects associated with social media, making it a topic of debate whether it is creating more good or harm for today’sRead MoreCauses And Effects Of Social Media Essay769 Words   |  4 Pagesthe past years, social media has grown tremendously fast. 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Gla dwell argues â€Å"that it is the quality ofRead MoreSocial Network1015 Words   |  5 Pages4/8/13 essay - Causes and Effects of Social Networking Causes and Effects of Social Networking Navigation Home #1: Bullying #2: Self Expression and Creativity #3: Sharing Knowledge From Around The World Audience Potential Causes and Effects Sources cited Thesis essa y Sitema p Se ar c h t hi s si t e essay The Effects Of Social Networking Jenna King per. 4 4/5/12 Every day, thousands of people are logging on to social networking websites. Some play games, some chat with friendsRead MoreThe Social Media s Relationship Between The Basic Daily Life And Society s Issues1473 Words   |  6 Pagesabout their surroundings and their world issues by using social media. Because of this, people’s life would become interesting and easy. Social media and some other digital advices endow daily lives more possibilities. These media not only enhance people’s ability of solving something serious but also help people think social issues deeply. However, the social media also enhance something negative. In the digital world, according to his essay â€Å"Project Classroom makeover†, Cathy Davidson claims thatRead MoreAnalysis Of Sherry Turrkle The Flight From Conversation958 Words   |  4 PagesProfessor of the Social Studies of Science and Technology at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sherry Turkle, in her New York Times artic le â€Å"The Flight from Conversation†, identifies society’s declining ability to connect with each other on a person-to-person basis. Turkle’s purpose is to highlight the importance of human interaction with the absence of technology. She supports her argument concerning technology’s negative implications on people’s interactions amongst each other by the following:Read MoreThe Negative Effects Of Fake News And Social Media840 Words   |  4 Pagesto continue to evolve gradually on social media. Fake news can be defined as completely fabricated stories, information or news. Fake news refers to sources that intentionally fabricated information by illegal sites or unverified materials. This essay will explain the negative effects of fake news. Firstly, fake news can damage the democratic process. Secondly, it can harm enormous part of public safety. Finally, Mistrust is also caused by fake news on social media. Firstly, one of the biggest reasonsRead MoreCompare Contrast Essay1207 Words   |  5 Pagestablets, television, and laptops are just a few inventions that have us obsessed over them during our free time. With the advent of social media, we have become more engrossed in our own little world. People spend more time on social media and gadgets than actual face to face interactions between human beings. Two writers attempted to explain this phenomenon in their essays. â€Å"The Flight from Conversation†, by Sherry Turkle, explains how and why people are shying away from real life conversations becauseRead MoreThe Internet : The Dangers Of The Internet924 Words   |  4 Pagesexplained as an individual who is often avoids socialising with others. This essay will argue that the dangers of the internet among young people regarding to the essay question â€Å"the internet is creating a generation of anti-social youth†. There are three arguments to support this thesis which a re, the role of online communication in cyberbullying, Internet addiction and Internet pornography. The essay will follow the basic essay structure, with an introduction, body paragraphs and conclusion. CyberbullyingRead MoreIs Facebook Making Us Lonely?1274 Words   |  6 PagesIn an argumentative essay, the author can write about the topic he or she is most interested in to try to persuade people to be on his or her side. Authors can use any of the many written strategies that exist to make his or her essay credible to the audience. Some authors use more than one rhetorical tool in their essays, while others keep their essays simple. It really does not matter how many rhetorical tools an author uses; all that it matters is how the author uses them to accomplish his or

Contemporary Design Essay Example For Students

Contemporary Design Essay Contemporary design is usually client based. The designer usually focuses on the presentation of ideas and statements through the collection rather than designing for any specific occasion. Contemporary design is more conceptual, because of this I am going to concentrate on the concepts and imagery associated with the idea of modern, futuristic clothing. As I begin to think about this I will have to consider the client. Designers these days rely on celebrities, socialites and fashion icons to publicise their clothing. For example, a lesser known designer could shoot to fame should an A-list celebrity wear one of their creations to a party or premier. Recently, fashion has seen many designers using recognised celebrities as models in their catwalk shows, favouring them over professionals, these celebrities possess the high public profile needed to gain much needed publicity. Some well known designers such as Alexander McQueen sight celebrities as their muse behind their work. This is no new idea, glamorous women have always been desirable in the world of fashion, almost as if their beauty is an accessory in itself. In recent years fashion has seen a change in the attitudes towards beauty and convention. Models have become less and less like the glamorous Hollywood film stars and all things quirky have become desirable. It seems that personal imperfections are the only real individuality we have in the age where fashion has become accessible to everyone. Designers are less concerned with the enhancement of beauty and seem to aim to shock audiences with avant garde creations as catwalk shows become less a collection of clothes and more a piece of theatre. Favoured by McQueen ,Westwood and Hussein Chalayan these designers realise the importance of a catwalk show as often their own label creations are so extreme and conceptual that this is the only way they will become recognised. This way, even the most way out designs can gain as much publicity as the more conventional celebrity fashion. The wow factor is all important in modern design. I want to create something that stands out from the more conventional clothing so obviously I am not concerned with the everyday wear ability of the garment. The overall presentation of the concept is more important to me. Because of this I am hoping to have a slot in our school fashion show next year. This will be as big a part of my project as any, as it will hopefully show my ideas in situ. At this point I am considering models to make my clothing for, I am a strong believer in clothing being for the individual and the looks will only be as effective as the people who wear them. Here I have researched the role of the celebrity in fashion. My next steps will be to see how the modern designs I am looking at are watered down to be more accessible for high street stores.

Practice Brief Designing A Data Collection Process Essays

Practice Brief: Designing A Data Collection Process Practice Brief: Designing a Data Collection Process Types of Data Collection In any healthcare organization, data is collected in numerous ways for an ever-increasing number of reasons. Data may be collected by a monitoring device directly connected to the patient, or by providers as they make observations or record treatments. Quality improvement activities often call for data collection where observations of activities, timeliness, or satisfaction indicators are gathered. Data may be abstracted from primary sources and collected for unique reporting requirements, such as specialized registries or claims transactions. With the various types of data collected in many different methods for varied purposes, it is not surprising that data collection may have escaped management in the past. Why Is It Important? Data collection should be carefully managed in healthcare organizations. Time spent collecting data can consume huge portions of a provider's day -- taking him or her away from more direct patient care activities. Other employees may spend their entire day collecting data. When you consider the cost of data collection equipment, software, employee time, benefits, and other overhead, the price of data collection can add up quickly. And what are you getting for your money? Is the data collected reliable? Is it comprehensive? Does it provide the necessary detail to answer important clinical and business decisions? For the price your facility is paying, the answers to these questions must be yes. AHIMA's data quality management model depicts data collection as one of the four primary data functions. The others are application, warehousing, and analysis. All characteristics of data quality management should be applied to data collection processes, including: ? Accuracy ? Accessibility ? Comprehensiveness ? Consistency ? Currency ? Definition ? Granularity ? Precision ? Relevancy ? Timeliness Design Process When faced with a new application (or use) of data, the following factors should be considered in constructing the data collection for that application: Accountability ? Who is responsible for coordinating the ongoing data collection process? ? Who is responsible for monitoring the quality of data collection? ? Are the appropriate people involved in the design of the data collection methodology? ? Is the use of the data clear? ? Who will maintain the data ownership record? How will owners participate in the collection process? ? Who will maintain the written data collection process/procedures? ? Are there other potential applications for this data in related or future areas? ? How much time will it take to collect the data? ? What impact will data collection have on staffing requirements? Data Definition ? What data is required for the application? ? Who owns each data element? ? Is the data currently collected for another application? Is the data collected at the appropriate level of detail or granularity? ? How are definitions for each element determined? What process will be used to modify definitions? ? Who will maintain the data dictionary? ? How will data dictionary changes be communicated? ? Are the data elements uniquely defined? ? Is the source of each data element clear? ? Are there existing standards for the data elements and their definitions? ? What edits are appropriate for each data element? ? Are there restrictions on using existing data for this application (i.e., availability, time, specificity, reliability, definition)? ? Who has access to the source of this data? ? How reliable is the data source? Process Design/ Standardizing Collection ? Have the data collected been tested to assure that it will meet the application requirements? ? How can collection of this data be incorporated into existing workflows? ? Is the data collection logically sequenced? ? How available are the data at the point of collection? ? Does a secondary process need to be put in place to ensure collection of the data at a later point? ? What training is required for those collecting the data? ? What is the best data-collecting tool? ? Are those tools available for data collection? ? Can the data be collected so that it is available for analysis without further manipulation? Quality Monitoring ? What percentage of data completion is required for the application? ? What process will be used to monitor quality? ? Will the data be timely

Jessie Pope Poetry Essays

Jessie Pope Poetry Essays Jessie Pope Poetry Paper Jessie Pope Poetry Paper stand? , gun? , run? . The insistence seems impossible to resist, like a constant drum beat inside the soldiers minds making the soldiers feel like they have no alternative but to go to war. Dulce et Decorum est has an accusatory tone; this tone is directed mockingly at my friend, particularly in the last stanza. The poets anger builds and the use of the direct and accusatory tone excels. The poet gives his description impact by speaking in the present tense guttering, choking, drowning, this gives a sense of immediacy and desperate warning to the soldiers to believe the happy stories of war. The language in Whos for the game? is crude as the poet has never before experienced war: she creates a false image to young, nai ve boys of what war might be like. The poet has a target audience of young men similar to Wilfred Owens poem though he tries to put across to true image of war. Wilfred Owen uses powerful imagery to describe the horror of the war, guttering, giving images of a candle about to flicker out. He uses the image of a devil like a devils sick of sin; the soldiers are sick of sin but ironically devils should never be sick of sin. Similes used near the beginning of the poem such as bent double like old beggars under sacks suggest that the soldiers are now on the fringes of society. In theory the soldiers should be young and brave, but Owen reduces them to old, forgotten about hags. In Whos for the game? Pope uses an enthralling rugby game to describe the war, to her readers. This quite contradicts Owens views that war has made the soldiers old like hags. The two poems have quite different messages. Whos for the game? has a clear propaganda message as it tricks young, nai ve men into thinking war is something its not, whereas Wilfred Owen has a definite anti-war message, conveying the truth to men and soldiers that have been in, or are considering going to war. The town poems are very different in their form. Jesse Pope uses a very regular rhyme and rhythm: a strong beat is felt particularly at the end of each line, emphasising the patronising question words to the soldiers. The last beat falls at the end of the last stanza on you as if the poet is physically pointing their finger at the juvenile solider or reader. This is very personal and direct. In contrast to this simple poem, Wilfred Owens is quite complex. It does have rhyme such as sacks and backs though in between lines 1 and 3, is sludge, slowing the poem right down, these awkward sounding consonants conveying an onomatopoeia effect. In the second stanza lines 1 and 3, and 2 and 4 rhyme, though 5 and 6 dont creating struggle as the poem doesnt flow, again emphasising the struggle and nightmares of the soldiers that are intruding on the present. Both poems had a very strong and powerful though different impact on the reader. In Whos for the game? we feel angry and frustrated at Jesse Pope for giving the soldiers a false illusion of what war was. Being young and nai ve the young men still look for guidance and this sort of poetry we feel is unethical. In comparison, Dulce et De Corum Est makes us feel encouraged that someone was fighting for the truth to be told. The fact that the soldiers were only young and nai ve was clearly recognised and emphasised: children ardent for some desperate glory Wilfred Owen had the true picture of how wrong Jesse Pope was to spread poems full of lies. However, the reader does finish the poem feeling proud that young soldiers were prepared to fight for our country until they were no longer able. Disabled by Wilfred Owen is an anti-war poem, describing in much detail the story of a naive, young man going into war to impress, unaware of the full detail of what he was signing up to, in fact throwing away his life. Does it matter by Siegfried Sassoon, similarly, this is an anti-war poem putting across his views in a very patronising manor making his strong anger against war very clear. Where the poem Disabled is a sad, detailed story, Does it matter? is an angry, but simple poem, filled with sarcasm. Where disabled subtlety portrays the anti-war feeling of the poet, Does is matter? is again anti-war, but filled with the poets anger and fury. Disabled uses heavy, detailed description to gain the audiences attention, though Does it matter? uses simple language in good writing techniques such as the use of clichi s and sarcasm in order to entertain and again get the audience listening. Both poets have a clear anti-war message, and both seem strongly against Jesse Pope, who wrongly, wrote poems about a war which she had never experienced poets such as Siegfried Sassoon and Wilfred Owen, along with many others, aimed to convince the public that wars were far from sweet and decorous. The mood of Disabled reaches for the sadness and pity of the audience by going into great depth about a young soldier, where Does it matter wastes no time in unmistakably putting across his outrage of trying to trick young, nai ve soldiers to the reader. The poem Disabled changes the tense of the poem frequently, alternating from present to past to future, giving the reader full knowledge of the exciting history, sad situation the young man is in, and what destroyed future the man has ahead of him. He is described presently as legless, sewn short at elbow as if he is now not a whole human, not a real man. Ironically, he was legless when signing up for the war: when hed drunk a peg, He thought hed better join, and on completing the job, he is now permanently disabled, and has lost the admiration he once had for signing up to go to war, before he threw away his knees it ironically seems he intended to through them away, though now he is lonely and in self-pity as he has no legs and foreshortened arms. The young man feels destroyed by the loss of his limbs, the young man that were whole ironically, he feels emasculated due to him loosing his limbs. He will no longer never feel again how slim girls waists are, or how warm their subtle hands; it seems he was extremely nai ve into what he was actually signing up to, which was in fact throwing away his youth and even life. Its almost a lifetime ago, as war has matured him so much, from the quote and that he had a girlfriend his Meg it would seem he was popular with the ladies. This would probably be due to his extremely good looks, there was an artist silly for his face it would now be such a contrast, as all the colour and excitement has drained out of his life, shivered in his ghastly suit of grey, his life has gone from colour quickly to black and white. It would seem ironic, that he signed up to war to impress the girls, though now he is touched like some queer disease by girls, he wanted to impress though he is now only being repulsed at and some are even quite afraid of him. On going to receive admiration, pity they may dole he receives none, only little pity. The young man was tricked into war by people such as Jesse Pope, and it can be easily understood from this why poets such as Siegfried Sassoon wrote with such power, and anger not holding back as they wanted the soldiers to know the real truth. Does it matter? loosing your legs? it seems for the young man in Disabled it did considerably, ruined his life in fact. For people will always be kind Sassoon writes, we have learnt that this is definitely not always the case, as the man from war was felt he was touched like some queer disease even though the simple reason he was in that state was due to him fighting for their country, putting his life on the line. He is described presently as waiting for dark as if there is nothing to do but simply wait for death, drowned in his own sadness and blood, a leap of purple spurted from his thigh when to impress was what he signed up for, what he received is so mething unimaginably different. The insensitiveness and greed of the people left at home is more clearly shown in Does it matter: need not show that you mind others come in after hunting, to gobble their muffins and eggs there is a sense of ignorance and lack of sympathy to the injured coming back from war. When ironically, if the soldiers hadnt of gone, the whole country may have been at risk, and the ones left at home would be unable to go hunting and gobble their muffins and eggs. The poem Disabled ends with repetition on the end of the last two lines, Why dont they come? Why dont they come? Calling out and emphasising to the reader the desperate situation the soldiers have landed themselves into. There is no longer anyone there for him, no one to look at him. This once more, all agrees with Siegfried Sassoons poem Does it matter and people wont say that your mad his strong sarcasm has backed up evidence after reading the story of Disabled. Sassoon writes mockingly at what comfort may be given theres such splendid work for the blind this is platitude, trying to make someone feel better, when really it is simply an empty comfort as how could that make up for losing your sight. Does it matter? also disdains the poem Dulce et Decorum est: Do they matter? those dreams from the pit? for the soldiers being described in this poem their sleep is far from dreams, its nightmares, phantasmagorical, re-living the times of the pit, as they are intruding on the soldiers present lives: before my helpless sight, He plunges at me, guttering, choking, drowning having a horrific impact on the soldiers lives. Both poems have a clear anti-war message, though where Sassoons has writes in a youthful idealistic way about war, Owen writes in a very satirical manor though has a serious moral purpose underneath with many other feelings and emotions attached such as bitterness and anger, disillusioning the reader. Where, the young man in disabled is a clear victim of Jesse Popes propaganda Told it was like a game, similar to her poem Whos for the game the young man thought it would be like football, and the injuries were good, a blood smear down his leg carried shoulder-high, it was after football though war is no comparison to a game of football or even rugby as it was likened to by Jesse Pope the young man was robbed of his disillusions. The poem Disabled has regular rhyming; each stanza has a different pace creating different moods for the reader. For example stanza 4 has is quick paced showing the excitement in the young mans life before he went to war: someone said hed look a God in kilts, thats why; he may be, too, to please his Meg; his life was so exhilarating and fast. This then contrasts to the present and future tense stanzas which are slow and dont flow easily for the reader, particularly the last stanza which has no rhyming, this is difficult for the reader to read similar to what a difficult life the young man now leads. Similarly the poem does it matter has a very regular rhyming pattern, lines 1 and 5, 2 and 3 rhyme, the forth line always not. This creates what could seem a very simple poem for the reader to read, though it has a very complex meaning inside quite different to disabled, where most of the poets opinions are detailed, and on the surface. Adding to this, the consistent repetition of Does it matter? at the beginning of each stanza brings obvious sarcasm, and the true effects of war on the soldiers. From reading and analysing these poems I have become open minded about my view of the different poets forms of writing. At first I was extremely against the crude way of writing that Jesse Pope did, though I now release that if the truth had been revealed all along, there is a possibility no one would of wanted to fight and our country would have been quite different from what it is today. I thought the propaganda poetry, especially Wilfred Owens Disabled was particularly emotional as the situation can still be related to today.

law question Essay Example

law question Essay Example law question Paper law question Paper Assessment Question Ali had an antique motorbike which he decided to sell. He parked the motorbike on his front lawn with a sign For sale- RM20,OOO. Ah Chong, who saw the sign, said to Ali that he would be prepared to buy the motorbike for RMI 5,000. Ali replied that the price is too low and suggested RM18,OOO. Ah Chong responded by asking if Ali would be prepared to accept payment of the RM18,OOO in three monthly instalments of RM6,OOO each. Ali replied that he would not. Ali then added, Anyw?ay I am no longer interested in selling the motorbike to you. At that precise moment Ali spoke these ords, a helicopter flew low overhead and drowned out his words. Ali did not bother to repeat what he had Just said and was leaving when Ah Chong quickly agreed to the RM18,OOO suggested earlier by All. Discuss whether there is a contract between Ali and Ah Chong. Explain whether your answer would be different if the helicopter flying overhead had not drowned out Alis words and Ah Chong heard wh at was said? Assignment Answer In this assignment, I would like to discuss the question above part by part. First of all, from the sentence He parked the motorbike on his front lawn with a sign For ale- RM20,OOO, it is said that there was an invitation to trade. Invitation to treat or simply speaking information to bargain means a person inviting others to make an offer in order to create a binding contract. An example of invitation to treat is found in window shop displays and product advertisement.. In another words it is a special expression showing a persons willingness to negotiate. The issue of invitation to treat was discussed in the case of Fisher v Bella 961] 1 QB 394 by the English Court of Appeal : It is perfectly clear that according to the ordinary law of contract the display f an article with a price on it in a shop window is merely an invitation to treat. It is in no sense an offer for sale the acceptance of which constitutes a contract. [l]. An offer can be seen from the prescribed text, Ah Chong, who saw the sign, said to Ali that he would be prepared to buy the motorbike for RMI 5,000. It is stated in Section 2(a) Contracts Act 1950, when one person signifies to another his willingness to do or abstain from doing anything, with a view to obtaining the assent of that other to the act or abstinence, he is said to make a proposal. and Section 2(b) Contracts Act 1950,when the person to whom the proposal is made signifies his assent thereto, the proposal is said to be accepted :a proposal, when accepted, becomes a promise. . Both laws were applied when Ah Chong has shown his willingness to make an offer as he would be PREPARED to buy the motorbike for RMI 5,000. However, a counter offer was made by Ali when instead of accepting or rejecting Ah Chongs offer, Ali made another offer: Ali replied that the price is too low and suggested RM18,OOO. Alis offer refers to a counter offer. In this situation unless an cceptance is rendered, there is no binding contract between A and B. This situation is stated in Section 6(c) Contracts Act 1950- by the failure of the acceptor to fulfill a condition precedent to acceptance. There was famous case known as [2]Hyde v. 1200 pounds and Hyde (P) declined. Wrench then made a final offer to sell the farm for 1000 pounds. Hyde in turn offered to purchase the property for 950 pounds and Wrench replied that he would consider the offer and give an answer within approximately two weeks. Wrench ultimately rejected the offer and the plaintiff mmediately replied that he accepted Wrenchs earlier offer to sell the real estate for 1000 pounds. Wrench refused and Hyde sued for breach of contract and sought specific performance, contending that Wenchs offer had not been withdrawn prior to acceptance. The question or issue here is if one party makes an offer and the offeree makes a counteroffer, does the original offer remain open? Answer is No because a counteroffer negates the original offer. By making a counteroffer, the plaintiff rejected the original offer and he was not entitled to revive it. So in another words, the parties id not form a binding contract. Then we proceed to the next part where Ah Chong made a mere enquiry to Ali by asking if Ali would be prepared to accept payment of thr RM18,OOO in three monthly instalments of RM6,OOO each. Then, Ali replied that he would not. On top of that, Ali added that he is no longer interested in selling the motorbike to Ah Chong. Section 5(1) Contract Acts 1950 A proposal may be revoked at any time before the communication of its acceptance is complete as against the proposer, but not afterwards. This particular case V GRANT (1828) 4 BING 653 nother example of revocation of an offer : Grant wrote to Routledge offering to purchase the lease of his house. The offer was to remain open for six weeks. Grant then changed his mind about purchasing the lease and, within the six weeks, withdrew his offer. After Routledge had received Grants letter withdrawing the offer, he wrote back to Grant, within the six weeks, accepting Grants offer. The issue before the court was whether Grant could withdraw his offer within the six week period or whether he was bound contractually given that Routledge had accepted the offer within the timescale. The court held the offer could be withdrawn within the six week period without incurring any liability if one party has six weeks to accept an offer, the other has six weeks to put an end to it. One party cannot be bound without the other. The case and scenario above convey an useful reminder that until such time as an offer is accepted, the offeror is free to revoke it, even if they have given the recipient a period of time to consider it. When Ali spoke : I am no longer interested in selling the motorbike to you. a helicopter flew and drowned his words. And yet, Ali did not bother to repeat what he ust said and was leaving when Ah Chong quickly agreed to the RM18,OOO suggested earlier by Ali. In this particular moment, Ali rejected Ah Chongs offer but according to Section 6(a) Contracts Act 1950- by the communication of notice of revocation by the proposer to the other party. It states that revocation os not effective until it is received, communicated. In fact, Ali himself reluctant to repeat what he said which is very important and vital in that situation. Here is one similar case, [4]Byrne v Van Tienhoven (1880) LR 5 CPD 344. In this case, Van Tienhoven offered to sell goods to Byrne by letter dated 1 October. On 8 October, prior to acceptance, Van Tienhoven the meantime, on 11 October Byrne received the letter and dispatched an acceptance. Was there a contract? To be effective revocation must be communicated. Where post is used for acceptance, acceptance occurs when and where sent. However, this rule does not apply in relation to revocation of offers thus, if post is used for revocation, communication is only effective if and when it is received by the offeree. As this occurred after acceptance there was a contract formed in this case. An offer was containing a price escalation clause. A counter offer was then made ithout this clause; it contained a detachable receipt which the company sent back with a notation that they assumed it was on their terms. Thus, the intended message was failed to be received by Ah Chong, the offer has not been revocated. There is a contract between Ali and Ah Chong in this scenario. Section 6(a) Contracts Act 1950 obviously stated revocation must be actually communicated to the offeree before the offer can be treated as effectively revoked. Besides, Section 4(1) Contracts Act 1950- The communication of a proposal is complete when it comes to the knowledge of the person to whom it is made. Importance of conveying message has been shown when either offering or revocating an offer. On the other hand, if the helicopter flying overhead had not drowned out Alis words and Ah Chong heard what was said, outcomes definitely would be different. As was mentioned earlier, if the intended message was communicated or received by Ah Chong, revocation of the offer will succeed. In conclusion, communication is very crucial when conducting contracts or offerings as the outcomes and consequences can differ easily. Reference 1 . Dr. Qais Faryadi. What is Invitation to treat. http://dr-qais. com/Cyber%20Law/ Lecture%20Four%20doc. pdf (accessed 30 November 2013). 2. The Latest Developments In UK Law. Hyde v. Wrench Case Brief Summary. http:// www. lawnix. com/cases/hyde-wrench. html (accessed 30 November 2013). 3. 0ffer: -rerrntnatton Revtston Note I Degree. ROUTLEDGE V GRANT (1828) 4 BING 653. httpw www. bitsoflaw. org/contract/formation/revision-note/degree/offer-termination- revocation-rejection (accessed 30 November 2013). 4. Julie Clarke. Byrne v Van Tienhoven Court of Common Pleas (1880) LR 5 CPD 344. http:// www. australiancontractlaw. com/cases/byrne. html (accessed 30 November 2013).

Position paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 4

Position paper - Essay Example The existing lease accounting model is inconsistent in nature. Leasing is regarded as the most preferred financing option for the entities or the organizations. The leasing technique adopted in accordance with the existing technique in the past has caused various problems and differences in presentation of the financial statement of the entity. Therefore in order to overcome the limitations of the accounting standard in relation to the leasing, new proposed International Accounting Standard is formulated or introduced. According to the International Accounting Standard 17lease will not distinguish between the operating and the financial leases. The limitations or the challenges faced by the company in applying the accounting standard as per the International Accounting Standard and the FASB affected large number of companies or the industries entering into the lease agreement. In response to the criticism faced by the organization or entity for recognizing the operating and financial lease on the balance sheet of the concerned organization or entity, the standards are revised. The existing standard failed to meet the needs and requirement of the users of the financial statement. It fails to provide a faithful representation of the financial and operating leasing transactions. In order to overcome and face the criticisms the Standards in 2006 initiated a joint project for improvement and development of the financial reporting on the leasing activities of the organization under the International Accounting Standard Board and the US GAAP (Walton, 2011). The boards have decided to improve the approach for recognizing the asset and liabilities and the obligations created by the lease activities of the entity. The main objective of improvement or introducing revised accounting standard is that the company must be able to recognize the asset and liabilities arising from a lease. This initiative will

The importance of human touch (like hugs) in personal health and how Research Paper

The importance of human touch (like hugs) in personal health and how the amount of touch a person receives varies depending on that persons culture - Research Paper Example It has been demonstrated that hormonal reactions take place with hormones such as oxytocin being released leading to production of beneficial effects. One instance of beneficial effects is experienced during emotional support shown by human touch such as by a hug. According to Berkman (1995), lower cardiovascular risk is experienced by emotionally supported patients through hugs. Consequently, the adverse effects of the condition such as related mortalities considerably fall in people experiencing emotional support such as by hugs. Besides human touch, there are other quality practices expressing emotional support that contribute to personal health by producing beneficial effects to the body systems. Such practices include friendly facial expressions, speech and quality of words, hand holding and sitting together. Health benefits experienced through touch can not leave out enhanced oxytocin activity, a hormone with several roles in the body human systems. According to Insel and Young (2001), oxytocin roles in social recognition as well as partner preference are major sources of connectivity between individuals. Stimulation of oxytocin release by mere touch is useful in the mechanism of its operation especially in emotional touches such a hug. The specific benefit of reduction in blood pressure assists in personal health stability especially in healing conditions. In an experiment conducted by Amico et al (2005), it was observed that pre-menopausal women who live with emotional support from their husbands are exposed to lower blood pressure due to high oxytocin levels produced on touch. Emotional support is paramount to healthy existence according to the authors. Keating in her book (1987), lists several beneficial impacts of hugging in relation to personal health which range from easing tension to fighting insomnia. Physical touch among human beings is portrayed as a powerful tool for healing processes, and the author reports that the

Settling the Northern Colonies Vocabulary Essay Example for Free

Settling the Northern Colonies Vocabulary Essay 1. John Calvin: 1. Protestant leader 2. Created dominant religion of American settlers 3. Wrote theories in Institutes of the Christian Religion 2. Anne Hutchinson: 1. Lived in Massachusetts Bay Colony 2. Promoted antinomianism 3. Banished and forced to walk and settle on Rhode Island 3. Roger Williams: 1. Wanted to break from the Church of England 2. Though Massachusetts Bay Colony was unfair to the Indians; banished 3. Built Baptist Church in Rhode Island; complete freedom of religion and shelter for Jews, Catholics, and Quakers 4. Henry Hudson: 1. English explorer 2. Filed a Dutch claim to what he thought was a shortcut through the continent 3. Employed by the Dutch East India Company 5. William Bradford: 1. Lived in Plymouth 2. Elected Governor 3. Feared the non-puritan settlers 6. Peter Stuyvesant: 1. Led a small Dutch military expedition 2. Called the Swedish Settlement that he took New Amsterdam 3. Forced to surrender without firing a single shot by an English squadron 7. Thomas Hooker: 1. Prominent Puritan colonial leader 2. Founded the Colony of Connecticut 3. Outstanding speaker and a leader of universal Christian suffrage 8. William Penn: Founded the Colony of Pennsylvania King Charles II handed over a piece of his American land to satisfy a debt Improved relations between whites and Indians 9. John Winthrop: First governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony and served for 19 years Successful attorney and manor lord in England Eagerly accepted offer to become a governor because he believed he had a â€Å"calling† from God to lead the new religious experiment 10. King Philip (Metacom): Massasoit’s son Forged an intertribal unity Mounted a series of coordinated assaults on English villages 11. John Cotton: Massachusetts Bay minister who was prominent among the early clergy Puritan who immigrated to Massachusetts to avoid persecution for his criticism of the Church of England Devoted his education to defending the governments duty to enforce religious rules in the Bay Colony 12. Sir Edmond Andros English military man Generated much hostility because of his open affiliation with the Church of England Taxed the people without consent and strove to enforce the Navigation Laws 13. William and Mary: English rulers Kicked James II out of England (exiled into France), and allowed more power to legislatures Ended the Dominion of New   England, giving power back to the colonists 14. Massasoit: Wampanoag chieftain Signed a treaty with the Plymouth Pilgrims Helped the Pilgrims celebrate their first Thanksgiving 15. Fernando Gorges: Attempted to colonize Plymouth Plymouth was absorbed by Massachusetts Bay after a purchase by the Gorges heirs Was called the Father of English Colonization in North America 16. Myles Standish: Soldier of fortune Indispensible as an Indian fighter and negotiator One of the nonbelongers 17. Martin Luther: German Friar who ignited a fire of religious reform, the Protestant Reformation Nailed his protests against Catholic doctrines to the door of Wittenberg’s cathedral in 1597 Denouncing the authority of priests and popes, he declared that the Bible alone was the source of God’s word 18. Squanto: Taught English by a ship’s captain Befriended the settlers Facilitated Cultural Accommodation 19. Franchise: An authorization granted by a government or company to an individual or group enabling them to carry out specified commercial activities The right to vote The territory over which such a license extends 20. Predestination: The doctrine that God has foreordained all things, especially that God has elected certain souls to eternal salvation The divine decree foreordaining all souls to either salvation or damnation The act of God foreordaining all things gone before and to come 21. Freemen: A person who is entitled to full political and civil rights A person who is not a slave or serf A person who enjoys political and civil liberties 22. â€Å"Visible saints† People who appeared to be godly Christian people who would go to heaven when they died Strict Puritans in colonial days only allowed visible saints to worship with them. They were revered because they were open about their beliefs 23. Conversion: Spiritual change from sinfulness to righteousness change from one religion, political belief, viewpoint, etc., to another The act or process of converting; state of being converted 24. Doctrine of a Calling: A doctrine believed by John Winthrop instructing him to do Gods work Sent from God Many Puritans believed it also told them to do Gods work 25. Covenant: An agreement A formal written agreement between two or more people, businesses, countries, etc a usually formal, solemn, and binding Agreement 26. Antinomianism: The theological doctrine that by faith and Gods grace a Christian is freed  from all laws one who holds that under the gospel dispensation of grace The moral law is of no use or obligation because faith alone is necessary to salvation one who rejects A socially established morality 27. Sumptuary Laws: Laws intended to restrain or limit the expenditure of citizens in apparel, food, furniture, etc. Laws which regulate the prices of commodities and the wages of labor Laws which forbid or restrict the use of certain articles, as of luxurious apparel 28. Salutary Neglect: An unofficial and long-lasting British policy of avoiding strict enforcement of parliamentary Laws meant to keep the American colonies obedient to England A period of time in which Britain left the Colonies alone 29. Passive resistance: Nonviolent opposition to authority, esp. a refusal to cooperate with legal requirements. resistance especially to a government or an occupying power characterized mainly by noncooperation A way of opposing the government without using violence especially by refusing to obey laws 30. â€Å"city upon a hill† religious utopia that would be acclaimed and imitated across the Old World initially invoked by English-born Puritan leader John Winthrop A City upon a Hill is a phrase from the parable of Salt and Light in Jesuss Sermon on the Mount 31. Protestant Ethic: The view that a persons duty is to achieve success through hard work and thrift, such success being a sign that one is saved. an ethic that stresses the virtue of hard work, thrift, and self-discipline important factor in the economic success of Protestant groups in the early stages of European capitalism 32. Dutchification: to make Dutch in quality or traits the process of turning things Dutch To render more Dutch 33. Protestant Reformation Inspires many new religions as it made its way through Europe. Inspires Calvinism in Geneva, migrates to England and inspires Puritans. Started by Martin Luther after he posts his complaints about Catholics on a church door 34. Great Migration 70,000 refugees flee England in the 1630s. Groups of Puritans and many others leave for religious freedom. Charles I and Archbishop Laud calls Protestants swine rooted from Gods vineyard 35. Glorious Revolution Dethrones unpopular Catholic James II, enthrones Protestant ruler of Netherlands William III and Mary II Dominion of New England collapses in the colonies; Andros tries to escape in womans clothing but is caught and sent to England. Puritans lose control of Massachusetts, English James II supporters hold American governing positions are corrupt and stopped the rise of local American leaders. 36. Pequot War Between Pequot Tribe and colonists in the Connecticut River Valley. Colonists slaughter the tribe and establish four decades of uneasy peace between Native Americans and colonists. English critics call out the Puritans. 37. Dutch golden age Dutch West and East Companies thrive. Takes an aristocratic tinted government and controls majority of New York and Caribbean. Leads to invasion from English and Swedish. 38. Pilgrims Make a religious journey like Old Testament with Moses. Protestants from England and Amsterdam that separated from the Church of England that were called Separatists, wanted Calvinism Create Mayflower Compact as their self-government since they did not go to charted land so were not controlled by the King, only members of church can vote (religious intolerance) 39. New England Confederation Defense against Native Americans, Dutch, and French. First time colonies and colonists work together. Had to fight without British support in the English Civil War. 40. Calvinism Starts in Geneva and makes it way to England during Protestant Reformation. Protestants like Calvinists ideas and want the Reformation to move at a faster pace so that Calvinist ideas can be put in place. Seek signs of conversion- receipt of Gods free gift of saving grace 41. Massachusetts Bay Colony Settlers are educated and mainly Puritan, come from the Great Migration. Protestant work ethic- delayed gratification, if they work hard now they will be rewarded later Elected government but only male church members can vote. 42. Dominion of New England Imposed from London in New England, New York, East and West Jersey, Sir Edmund Andros is in charge. Promoted efficiency in the administration of the English, places heavy restrictions on courts, press, and schools. Revokes all land titles and collects taxes without consent. Glorious Revolution ends the Dominion; Andros tries to escape in womens clothes. 43. The Elect Select that are predestine to go to heaven didn’t know if they were or werent sought signs of conversion Anne Hutchinson claims that they don’t have to follow laws or work. Calvinism religion 44. Puritans: Formed during Protestant Reformation in England. Adopt Calvinist views, share extreme views and interpretation of Bible. Extreme Puritans become Separatists and come to New World and start new colonies. 45. General Court: Puritan controlled court in Massachusetts Early form of Puritan democracy Elected by Freemen 46. Dutch West India Company: Located in West Indies Captures Spanish ship with $15 million worth of loot aboard. Establishes New Netherlands off the Hudson for fur trading and buys Manhattan. 47. Seperatists: Extreme Puritans who threaten to leave Church of England. Get kicked out of England and sent to Amsterdam then migrate to New World, Set up Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay Colony. 48. Bible Commonwealth: Name for Bay Colony, Quakers cause religious indifferences they are punished and hung Anne Hutchinson preaches antinomianism and is banished. Roger Williams speaks out against Puritanism is banned but escapes and starts Baptism in Rhode Island 49. Quakers (Religious Society of Friends): Escape from Massachusetts Bay Colony where they are being punished. Start colonizing in Pennsylvania under William Penns rule Welcome any type of people hand out flyers in England looking for people to come to Pennsylvania. 50. Mayflower: Boat that brought over first Pilgrims, poor quality boat. Mayflower Compact is written on it. Sixty five day trip with 102 passengers. 51. French Huguenots: Dissent from French Protestant adopts Calvinism, not allowed in New World. Had little toleration in Europe, fled to colonies after Protestantism was outlawed in 1685. Over 10,000 killed in Europe 52. Scottish Presbyterians: Dissent of Scottish Protestants No religious tolerance Werent allowed to come to New World 53. Church of England: Ruled by King until Pope is placed in charge but King controls the Pope Those against the Church of England were hung, they fled to New World Catholic Church. 54. Congregational Church: No ties with England purely ran by Puritan colonists Self- governing Puritan church with no connection to Anglican Church Started in New England along with democratic government 55. Institutes of the Christian Religion: Written by John Calvin in Latin in 1536 Introductory to the Protestant religion Attacks certain Catholic beliefs 56. Navigation Laws: Limits colonies from trading with other countries beside England Increases smuggling and upsets many colonists Salutary Neglect- weakly enforces the Navigation Laws 57. Mayflower Compact: Drafted by Puritans coming to the New World that wanted self- government 40 something white males sign it (members of the church) First real drafted form of government in the colonies 58. Fundamental Orders: Established in New England Sets up a regime democratically controlled by the citizens Made to make New England the best and biggest colony 59. Plymouth Bay: Set up by Separatists from Amsterdam, originally kicked out of England Democratic government but only male members of the church can vote Less successful than Massachusetts Bay Colony 60. New Netherland: Set up by Dutch West India Company in the West Indies after they get $15 million from Spanish ship they captured Set up for fur trading on the Hudson River Led to the purchase of Manhattan 61. New Amsterdam: Run by Dutch company interested in stocks Settles first Jews in its aristocratic tinted civilization Gets in disputes and wars with English, Swedish, and Native Americans 62. New Sweden: Swedish invade Dutch land and take it Dutch rebel and regain land New Sweden fades away along with Swedish rule in colonies 63. Penns Woodland: Literal meaning for Pennsylvania name given by the King who wrote the charter for William Penn For Quakers or any other people wanting to go the colonies but not interested or accepted in what the other colonies were offering Best advertised colony in Europe 64. Reconciliation: Restoration of friendly relations The action of making one view or belief compatible with another. Returning to faith or harmony after conflict

The Reality of Affirmative Action Essay -- affirmative action argument

In the United States justice is defined as equal treatment of all citizens under the law. When one citizen is treated unfairly, an injustice has been committed against all people. It is the duty of Americans to make sure such injustices are eliminated. Affirmative Action is one such program whose purpose is to make sure that equal citizens are treated equally under the law. In today’s society it is imperative that all people regardless of race or gender are given equal opportunity in the admissions and job applications processes. Affirmative Action was designed to create this equality. The history of Affirmative Action ultimately began two hundred years ago with the founding of our nation. The Constitution, which is the basis of all laws in society, was drawn up and signed by many men who themselves owned slaves. As time progressed, it became necessary to create a â€Å"Great Compromise,† which stated that blacks were now allowed to be counted as three-fifths of a person for voting purposes. Nearly, one hundred years later, slaves were freed. However, these newly freed slaves were now placed in a more perplexing situation than they were initially. They were now a large group of people who knew little of their newly founded rights, and for the most part uneducated. Sadly, the leaders of this country failed to realize that freeing this group of people was not enough. The result was a new class of people who were uneducated, by no fault of their own, and then were told that they were now on their own. These people navigated through a stranger’s culture a nd society. A similar effect occurred after World War II when the men who had been away at war returned to find their wives wearing their pants and doing their work in the yards an... .../~affirm.>. Bureau of the Census, Current Population Survey. Income, Poverty, and Valuation of Non-cash Benefits. 1993. 10 October 1998 . Bureau of Labor Statistics. Fact Sheet. 1994. 10 October 1998 . Federal Glass Ceiling Commission. Making Full Use of the nation’s Human Capital. March 1995. 10 October 1998 . Gergen, D. â€Å"Why Race-Sensitive College Admissions Policies Work.† U.S. News & World Report Vol. 125 (October 1998): 84-85. Lewis, M. Rethinking Affirmative Action. 1996. 5 October 1998 . Pasour, E. â€Å"Affirmative Action: A Counter-Productive Policy.† The Freeman (January 1989): 24-25.

Chemalite, Inc (B)

Problem Set #2: Chemalite Case 1. Record the effects of Chemalite’s 1991 events on the BSE worksheet Cash Flow type (O, I, F) Event Cash A/R 375,000 F P1 (7,500) I P2 P3 (62,500) I (75,000) O P4 230,000 Inventory Patent Cap. Exp. PPE 125,000 7,500 62,500 125,000 7,500 62,500 Notes Pay Paid in Capital RE 500,000 RE Explanation 75,000 75,000 – 500,000 – Balance Sheet O O O O O O I F – T1 T2 T3 T4 T5. 1 T5. 2 T6 T7. 1 T7. 2 O1 O2 O3 O4 O5 Total 23,750) 685,000 69,500 (175,000) (22,500) (350,000) (80,000) (150,000) 50,000 (50,750) (23,750) R&D Expense 754,500 Revenue 175,000 (22,500) Adv. Expense 350,000 (80,000) Admin Expenses 150,000 50,000 (50,000) F (545,000) (25,000) (10,625) O (750) (545,000) (25,000) (10,625) 500,000 Interest Expense Inv. Adjustment Amort. Expense Depr. Expense 113,000 69,500 55,000 100,000 7,500 201,875 – 46,875 Balance Sheet 15. 515 Fall 2003 Session 1 Problem Set #2: Chemalite Case 3. Balance Sheet (6/31/91): Assets Cash Accounts Receivable Inventories Total Current Assets Property, Plant, & Equipment Other (Capitalized Start-up Expenses) Patent Total Assets Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity Common Stock Retained earnings Total Liabilities and SE 230,000 75,000 305,000 62,500 7,500 125,000 500,000 500,000 500,000 15. 515 Fall 2003 Session 1 Problem Set #2: Chemalite Case 3. Income Statement (For 6 months June 30, 1991): Revenue Costs and Expenses Advertising Administration Manufacturing costs Raw materials R Interest Depreciation Amortization of patent – Net Income – 15. 515 Fall 2003 Session 1 Problem Set #2: Chemalite Case 3. Direct Statement of Cash Flows (6 months ended June 30, 1991): Cash provided (used) by operating activities Received from customers Paid for inventory Paid for advertising Paid for manufacturing costs Paid for administration Paid for interest Paid for R expenses Cash provided (used) by investing activities Start-up expenses Purchase of PP (75,000) (75,000) (7,500) (62,500) (70,000) Cash provided (used) by financing activities Cash from stock issuance 75,000 375,000 Increase (decrease) in cash balance Beginning cash balance Ending cash balance 230,000 230,000 15. 515 Fall 2003 Session 1 Problem Set #2: Chemalite Case 3. Balance Sheet (December 31, 1991): Assets Cash Accounts Receivable Inventories Total Current Assets Property, Plant, & Equipment Other (Capitalized Start-up Expenses) Patent Total Assets Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity Common Stock Retained earnings Total Liabilities and SE 113,000 69,500 55,000 237,500 201,875 7,500 100,000 546,875 00,000 46,875 546,875 15. 515 Fall 2003 Session 1 Problem Set #2: Chemalite Case 3. Income Statement (Six months ended December 31, 1991): Revenue Costs and Expenses Advertising Administration Manufacturing costs Raw materials R&D Interest Depreciation Amortization of patent 754,500 22,500 80,000 350,000 195,000 23,750 750 10,625 25,000 707,625 Net Income 46,875 15. 515 Fall 20 03 Session 1 Problem Set #2: Chemalite Case 3. Direct Statement of Cash Flows (For 6 months ended Dec. 1, 1991): Cash provided (used) by operating activities Received from customers Paid for inventory Paid for advertising Paid for manufacturing costs Paid for administration Paid for interest Paid for R&D expenses Cash provided (used) by investing activities Start-up expenses Purchase of PP&E 685,000 (175,000) (22,500) (350,000) (80,000) (750) (23,750) 33,000 (150,000) (150,000) Cash provided (used) by financing activities Cash from stock issuance – Increase (decrease) in cash balance Beginning cash balance Ending cash balance (117,000) 230,000 113,000 15. 515 Fall 2003 Session 1

A Crime of Insanity

It’s just another day of class, at least which is what is going through your head. You think schools are a safe place, not a place where you can get shot or killed at. What is going through your mind when you’re their sitting in class? Nothing other than what is going on. But it was all different for these students that day. On December 14, 1994, 26 year old Ralph Tortirici walked into a history class at State University of New York. Underneath his clothes he had a hunting knife and a Remmington 270 hunting rifle with which he took the classroom hostage. One of the hostages said he told everyone to stand up and get to the side of the classroom. Tortirici also told the professor to leave the classroom. He wanted everyone to know he was serious by firing off a round from his rifle and used a fire hose to tie the doors shut. Tortorici told the hostages in the classroom he had a computer chip in his brain and penis and wanted to see the president. If everyone cooperated nobody would get hurt, but 19 year old, Jason McEnaney, rushed the gunman and it discharged. McEnaney was seriously injured, shot in the leg and groin. Once arrested, Tortorici repeatedly said, â€Å"I did what I had to do. † They took Tortorici to Albany Medical Center to be treated for a knife injury he got during a struggle with the students. He also tested positive for cocaine. Afterwards he was released into police custody and taken to the Albany Court jail and charged with multiple counts of kidnapping, aggravated assault, and attempted murder. His lawyer claimed not guilty by reason on insanity. Larry Rosen, presiding judge, had to decide if he was even competent to stand his own trial. His brother Matthew Tortorici said Ralph suffered from delusions for many years. His delusions led to a conspiracy theory that he told his father and Matthew that the cops were out to get him. Ralph was born with a defective urethra and went through a series of operations to fix it. After a while he became convinced that during one of the operations the government had put a tracking device in his body. When Tortorici was 24 years old he went to the University Health Center and complained that a microchip was put in his penis. When X-rays were found negative he was convinced that the doctors were in on the plot. Tortorici turned to drugs thinking they could help him escape and it made his mother concerned. One day she called the medical center concerned that her son was suicidal and that he locked himself in the restroom and was smoking crack. They evaluated Tortorici and he was diagnosed with cocaine intoxication, suicidal ideation, and depression. That is when 10 months later he took the students hostage and since he thought the government put a microchip in his brain he wanted attention and for it to stop. The prosecutors could not find a psychiatrist expert who would testify, no one wanted their name associated with Ralph Tortorici. They wanted to plead the case out and get him sent to a secure psychiatric hospital. Two days into the jury selection Cheryl Coleman found Dr. Lawrence Seigle to become the expert. She started getting onto the Dr about him being a Jew and how she should know him and what he is going through. This was the first time Cheryl Coleman came face to face with Ralph. Ralph claimed that the government had developed sound waves and mind waves to control people’s minds and he was part of an experimental project. He was the Anti-Christ and the trail was his graduating party. If you are not there mentally, it is not fair for you to stand trial. The judge moved forward with the trial without wanting to have another competency hearing. Had the judge held off, and in that time, the prosecutor had no evidence and could have found evidence. Coleman was uncomfortable because a prosecutor’s job is not only to win cases, but to make sure justice is done. On January 3 Tortorici announced he wouldn’t be present for his trial, that he would wait it out in a holding cell in the basement. He thought the court was not just to decide and that the government was behind it and that there were airwaves in the court and everyone knew what was going on and in on it. Ralphs lawyer thought he could win without him being there. Lawyers don’t think if you are right or wrong, they think of winning a trial. Jason McEnaney was the student who rushed Ralph and was shot. One of the jurors passed out when McEnaney was testifying in details about his injuries. Defense had many witnesses and four experts who testified that he was legally insane at the time of the crime he committed. The fact he laid out all the bullets saying he had enough to kill a lot of people. The fact he had the doors tied. The fact he knew the cops were going to be called. The jury never set eyes on him; Ralph was carrying out a mission. Defenses say this case is a case of simple mental illness. He was operating under a delusion from the voices in his head. Sure, he committed these crimes, but he was legally insane. The prosecutors closing sentence closed with a rush of emotion directed at the victim. â€Å"You’re not taking me seriously, Bam! † He knew what he was doing. Eight days of testimony with 31 witness’s, case was handed to jury. By law the judge couldn’t say what would happen if found innocent from insanity. He would spend the same time in prison as in a mental hospital. A month later Tortorici returned to the courtroom to be sentenced, this time he actually entered the courtroom. Before sentence the judge allowed Ralph to speak. He embarrassed himself by the things he said. Tortorici was sentenced 20 to 47 years in prison and sent to Sullivan Correctional Facility in his own cell in the mental facility. Only in prison for 3 weeks, he tried hanging himself in his cell by his bed sheet. Three years passed and an appeal was filed and denied. Tortorici was shuttled between prisons and psychiatric facilities. His family would say he was doing, but he wasn’t. Three weeks later on August 10, 1999, Ralph Tortorici was found dead hanging from his bed sheet in his cell. Prosecutor Cheryl Coleman questioned herself when she found out the news on Tortoricis death. She had convicted him and she was feeling guilty and responsible. She had lost a child herself and felt the pain Ralph’s mother and family must have felt. Was justice done? In my opinion I think Ralph Tortorici should have got help and been sent to an insane asylum under surveillance.

Introducing the Tableau to Students

Introducing the Tableau to Students Making mental images is a strong skill that helps readers increase their understanding of a text that they read. Good readers are able to make a â€Å"mental movie† that plays in their minds as they read and visualize what the words on the page described. Tableau Drama Strategy One arts-integrated teaching strategy that drama teaching artists use to help students make mental images is Tableau. Tableau is the theatrical technique in which actors freeze in poses that create a picture of one important moment in the play. Sometimes, in the theatre, the curtain rises and all the actors onstage are frozen in poses that create a compelling stage picture. Then, on cue, the picture- the Tableau- â€Å"comes to life† with movement and sound. Stillness and silence are the hallmarks of Tableau, making it understandable as to why it appeals to teachers for classroom use. But to really get the most out of this drama strategy in conjunction with the reading of a story, novel, or play, student actors have to do a deeper reading, thinking, and rehearsing. They need to work like actors who explore the text and experiment with a variety of alternatives before they choose their final poses. They need to practice focus and commitment so that they pose with an expression on their faces and energy in their bodies. The best Tableaux show evidence of comprehension of text combined with strong acting skills. The best Tableaux go far beyond mere silence and stillness. Introducing Tableau to Students The following is one way to introduce the drama strategy Tableau to students and increase the likelihood that they will participate productively in frozen, silent, concentrated posing. Whole Group Tableau Begin by engaging all students simultaneously in agreeing to pretend to be in a situation in which they will take responsibility for creating their roles. With students seated at their desks or in chairs, describe a particular fictional circumstance and setting (preferably a dramatic one) that they might find themselves in.Example: Would you agree to pretend that the setting for our drama is the schoolyard and while we are out there, we sight an alien spaceship?Discuss with students the possible feelings and reactions of people having this experience: If this really, truly was happening, think about how you would feel. Raise your hand if you can give me one adjective to describe how you would feel.Point out to students that the kind of thinking they are doing is precisely the kind of thinking that actors have to do. They must imagine that they are in a particular pretend situation and then figure out how their characters would likely react.Then ask the students to agree to pretend that a photographer snaps a photo of them in that circumstance: Would you now also agree to pretend that a photographer just happened to be there and took a photo the moment you spotted that alien spaceship? Explain how you will cue the students to strike and hold their poses: â€Å"I will say ‘Action  - 2 - 3 -  Freeze!’  You freeze in your pose and hold it until I say ‘Relax.’†(Note: Eventually, you all will want to improve this first Tableau by allowing students to leave the confines of their seats, but for now, do not give them permission to do so unless one of them asks specifically.)Once you feel that the students are ready, cue them with â€Å"Action  - 2 - 3 -  Freeze!†View the Tableau and then call â€Å"Relax.† Discuss the Whole Group Tableau In that first draft of the Tableau, the students usually participate well, but they usually remain seated. Compliment them for their cooperation. But, just like actors who rehearse and rehearse their scenes, students need to work now on increasing the dramatic value of the Tableau: Remind students what photographers may do to people in their photographs who do not look too interesting- crop them out.Then coach the students dramatically. Explain (and demonstrate) how they can create a more interesting stage picture by......putting more energy into their bodies and more expression in their faces....incorporating levels- posing close to the floor, mid-level, or reaching higher....interacting with one another to increase the dramatic effect of the Tableau.Invite the students to incorporate your dramatic coaching points and re-create the Tableau so that it is theatrically more powerful.Share the following list of Tableau Excellence with students. (Reproduce it on a chart or on a whiteboard or chalkboard.) Tableau ExcellenceActors......remain still or frozen....remain silent....pose with energy....pose with expression....keep their concentration....pose at different levels....choose poses that communicate the tone and mood of the text. Revise the Whole Group Tableau Once you feel that the students are ready to revise the same Tableau, cue them with â€Å"Action  - 2 - 3 -  Freeze!†View the Tableau and then call â€Å"Relax.† (The second draft is always much stronger than the first draft.) Reflect on the Whole Group Tableau Refer back to the chart on Tableau Excellence and ask students to reflect on the effectiveness of their second Tableau. They can always recognize the big differences between the first one and the second one that received theatrical coaching. This introductory Tableau activity prepares students to use this drama strategy with significant moments in the literature that they read and the historical episodes that they study. It provides them with a foundation for using Tableau productively in small groups. Whole Group Tableau Possibilities People sighting an alien spaceshipReporters and photographers who sight a big celebrityFans- both happy and angry- at a sporting eventTourists looking at a famous sitePeople watching fireworks

Enslavement and the Modern Society

Enslavement and the Modern Society Introduction This paper answers to questions based on readings on modern day enslavement. Ten questions are answered in the three major parts of this paper. The first part, is a bout early forms of colonialism and how it changed the way of live, it looks into the meaning of micro-level form of slavery and expounds on micro-level debt of peonage.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Enslavement and the Modern Society specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Further, the first part concisely articulates how contemporary debt peonage has been coined into racial form of slavery and it explains how unfree and free labor is interlinked politically. The second part of the paper explores the meaning of space of flow as used in selected book. Moreover, the paper in the second part, further explains why space of places constitute a challenge to a basic lever of the new power system. The third part of this paper looks into what the author m eant when he used the word self-programmable labor and generic labor. It also explains what is meant by individualization of labor and a personal implication about the impact of a new economy has in movements and trade unions. Finally a conclusion sums it all. Slave trade and slavery was a major form of revolution that sprang across the globe some centuries ago. This was a phenomenon that was influenced by shortage of labor in the western world to work in various sectors of their economy (Winant 181). Massive form of human labor was urgently needed at this time to increase production. Slaves were sought after to work in industries and agricultural plantations because they provided cheap form of labor and decreased production costs (Winant 185). This was a major practice exercised by the world’s most exploitative nations who wanted to conquer the world. New Type of Enslavement Despite this form of enslavement being abolished, slavery has taken a different tune in our modern so ciety; Micro – level kind of slavery has emerged. A bureaucratic nation has embraced this form of enslavement to perpetrate their vice (Winant 192). Due to abolition of slavery, there has been scarce and shortage of cheap labour in their agricultural and industrial sectors and hence micro- level slavery. In this form of slavery, the peasants and poor people are subjected to peonage; immigrants have been taken advantage of in big cities around the world (Winant 193). This new form of slavery is most practiced when work to be done needs less skills or no skills at all.Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The mass of poor immigrants especially from rural areas have been put under subjection of their masters because of their large immigration numbers and scarcity of salaried jobs to be done. The Immigrants are subjected to exploitation and sub employment is a major phen omenon not only in the developed countries but also commonly witnessed in developing countries. The informal sector has adversely been affected by micro level slavery (Winant 193). What Winant means by Micro- level form of Debt Peonage Massive forms of exploitation, over time, affected some nations adversely. The super rich nations plundered the economies of the developing nations by taking what they needed most e.g. minerals, labor, agricultural products. Apart from exploitation of natural resources to exhaustion, they affected locals psychologically; leaving them torn asunder. Due to imbalanced distribution of resources, developing nations turned to developed nations for loans. Consequently, the developed nations have kept other nations under debt of peonage despite taking all the resources from them (Winant 197). Modern debt peonage exercised by world super rich economies has emerged as a stumbling block for most struggling economies and especially the third countries: their terr itories of their peonage during the colonial rule (Winant 199). They have taken no interest to share what they once took because they heavily benefited form the third world economies to stabilize their own. Contrarily, they have made the developing nations to pay much wealthy, more times than the expected compensations. This is evidently seen in how they are handling International indebtedness, so they regard this as paying back because of the abolition of slavery. Contemporary Debt Peonage: a Racialized Form of Slavery Many poor countries have been forced to pay the super rich countries double or even triple the amount they borrowed from rich nations (Winant 202). The debt payment sometimes is increased compared to the original debt to be repaid, and when paid there is more money paid in form of interest. But for them, they are never confronted to repay for example Germany when it was defeated in the WWII (Winant 188). They decide who to get more finance and there terms of repaymen t. This has made many nations especially from developing world to associate this to racial slavery because of the way the aid is administered basing on the nations capability and association to the west (Winant 196). Financial systems have been used to further create a huge line between the poor nations and the super rich. After exploitation and exhausting their resources, and human force to work in their corporate plantation, they have come up with another strategy of exploiting their financial systems (Winant 206). They introduce another form of subjection of selling their agricultural goods of which the poor nations have planted by themselves.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Enslavement and the Modern Society specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More They want to sell weapons acquired by their corrupt governments to developed nations that they can fight their neighbor or other ethnicity. International lending organization s like IMF have imposed strict lending policies in its reimbursement to poor nations, it’s not only through debts but they have crippled other ways of development which would have been a major boost to struggling economies (Winant 220). There is restriction in immigration, education systems are not getting better, social programs to help poor nations are no where Aids medicines are untraceable, and there is no incentive for foreign and domestic investors; a situation, which leaves poor nations to suffer financially (Winant 223). Need to End Split between â€Å"Free† and â€Å"Un-free† Labor We need a system which can balance a gap between the super rich nations and the developing world so that this form of micro – level slavery can end in the world. A space to fully maximize and create equality uniformity has to be sustained (Winant 189). Forced labor created unfree kind of labor because labor was easily available but since the abolition of slave trade mo re changes has been evolved to have an alternative for the developed nations for there sectors of economies. Renting of labor and having some in form of peonage has been widely explored and is on the rise, this has been seen has a source of inducement to those enslaved and to make them happy and work harder, but in the really sense, the slave didn’t realize he was selling his time and skills and owing to the fact that he was doing a peonage job (Winant 228). It was widely used this way for the worker to feel happy that he was free and was enjoying freedom but it wasn’t the case. This was industrial capitalism in developed countries. The issue is nations rely on free or unfree labor. There was a fight in recognition and distinction, there were free workers who supplied major big cities raw materials like Cotton and sugar among others so they were regarded as free because they could not be tied down under close monitoring (Winant 224). After the abolition of slavery free workers have made attempts to remain visible and get recognition from their unfree counterparts, of which freedom to unfree is explicit even though it’s not long lived. This has been a result of racism which is evident here. The emergence of world trade bodies like WTO and NAFTA has yet to narrow down the gap between the developed and the developing world by elaborately having systems in place to check exploitation and dominion over the balance of trade between world nations (Winant 234). It’s seen to counter the bureaucracy that was established during slavery and transform it to the world of today by fostering unity between world countries. This will create a politically harmonious world between world nationsAdvertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Space of Flows The space of flow can be defined as material or organization of time which shares a social precise and its working is centered through flows (Castells, â€Å"the Power of Identity†167). Flows have various sequences which are recurrent and repetitive in nature and there are interactions among the flows which are physically scattered over a wide area or in a political structure in the society (Castells, â€Å"the Power of Identity†168). The arrangements sometimes can be institutionally base or in major organizations, but whose inner systems has a central role in defining the social and consciousness of the society as a whole. There exist different types of flow in the society (Castells, â€Å"the Power of Identity†178). Information flow is made up of constituted electronic circuits i.e. telecommunication, broadcasting systems and others which facilitate communication. In this flow, it’s physically tangible and hence they play an important rol e in the world network society. Its partial and it happens within our selves, it makes it possible for the society to interact and communicate by using enhanced information technology hardware (Castells, â€Å"the Power of Identity†189). Because it’s physically connected, place does not exist because the positions occurs by the exchange that is within the network. It’s in this that communication is fundamental configuration although the space remains the logic flow within. The network only facilitates efficient information transfer (Castells, â€Å"the Power of Identity† 283). space of flow is made up of nodes and hubs; these nodes play special roles because they link a distant station to one another, the hub and node link sparsely distributed networks relaying information to a central point in the society (Castells, â€Å"the Power of Identity† 245). The linked places are with constituted and well defined as social or physical functions. Space has an important aspect in the society rather than defining the immediate surrounding, it enhances the influence of the social settings to the immediate situation (Castells, â€Å"the Power of Identity† 218). In major cities around the world, space has been transformed in a variety of ways for the society to fit regardless of the status they befall. The elites and the cosmopolitans and how they project their influence among the poor and the immigrants in big cities have been redefined by space. The space of Power has been adversely been affected the way people and nations relate and has been the struggle of the elite to accumulate more through many forms (Castells, â€Å"the Power of Identity† 286). and this has been the persistence of the elites to search and accumulate more wealthy for their sustainability Power and Wealthy doesn’t make a life, People’s life has been known to be deeply rooted in places, the culture they come or inherited and in the history they have used to since they were born (Castells, â€Å"the Power of Identity† 389). All this has shaped the space in which we live and defined our place in the society. The society exists with different types of classes in the society and one class cannot manage to have social flow by its own. For the need of cohesion preservation and further enhancing flow, they need to have a guiding principals and rules to have a clear boundary of both their social and political community (Castells, â€Å"The network society† 189). When the society democratizes its flow then the elites become distinguishable from the rest of the society and the whole population. This allows curtailing political infiltration and representation in a centered globe of strategic decision making (Castells, â€Å"The network society†190). The elites have a luxury form of executing nodes flows, they does it in serene and expensive leisure spaces or residential while emulating a social settings. A place is a setting whose form, function and meaning are self contained within the scope of physical continuity (Castells, â€Å"The network society† 239). Places have contributed to development and strengthening of communities. Although this has been tremendous for the society growth but the lifestyle of the inhabitants has been unpredictable because of the judgment approach that comes with it. Some places have been known to preserve the rich cultural experience creating beauty this sometimes qualifies them as unique places with a different flow (Castells, â€Å"the Power of Identity†240). Immigrants shaped and brought renewal in urban centers where they had gone to search for better life (Castells, â€Å"the Power of Identity† 150). For those were welcomed and given shelter by already established. This altered and reconditioned the aspect of urban renewal in most cities in some parts of the world. For over years the cities have grown and has developed into Plac e of places because of architectural designs (Castells, â€Å"the Power of Identity† 167). This has been a result of urban renewal waves which swept across these cities by flows and immigrations (Castells, â€Å"the Power of Identity† 189). A new way of life which is harmonious has been created. This has in turn influenced the establishments of new power systems coiled around this big urban city. And great physical outlook has been rediscovered and redesigned. Nevertheless, of being superb and rich culture, a number of them have enjoyed economical support from their own nation because of the power they posses (Castells, â€Å"the Power of Identity† 194). But the new modernization has brought a new harmonic and coexistence between societies this has dispelled fears and tension between many communities around the world. There has been intermingling of class and a social cohesion. Middle class and the poor immigrants lives together in major neighbourhoods fostering urban vitality and they have a created a culture of survival while preserving the aspects of their culture and their past histories about the urban life (Castells, â€Å"the Power of Identity† 199). Both have interacted with space and hence finding its real meaning in flows. Space of Places Space of Places refers to social forms of time that is not reducible to what have been perceptions to date (Castells, â€Å"the Power of Identity† 181). This has been based on the abstract of social and technical which existed and have been challenged by modern historical happenings. Time has shaped and influenced space since immemorial and this in contradictory has influenced how the time and space has been organized in the society. Space of flow has impacted its influence in already existing information’s systems that already exists and are operable (Castells, â€Å"the Power of Identity† 207). The information in the global economy has been well laid with efficient control monitors to enable innovation and coordination of interlinked firms’ i.e. in finance, insurance firms, and many other companies which depend on information highway. The modern economies of these companies rely to knowledgeably generated information and its flow (Castells, â€Å"the Power of Identity† 210). They have well organized and reliable telecommunication infrastructures which make it easier to reach their nodes around the globe. Part two: Question 3: space of places a challenge to lever in New power System Most reliable sources have indicated that there is a pattern of dispersion of organizations around the world. This has been attribute to the fact of searching new markets and expanding their grasp in every sphere of the globe, they does this to increase there Financial aspect whereas opening job opportunities for many other people in big cities (Castells, â€Å"the Power of Identity† 215). This further has attracted huge investments not only in the intended sectors but other developments have come along with their involvements in this big urban city (Stalder 29). some of this companies have been biased the way they organized and set up their investment, they skip investing in marginalized or developing cities and concentrate in investing in more Large cities of developed world (Castells, â€Å"the Power of Identity† 234). They concentrate in this city because of their higher functionality of power and availability of skilled manpower, e.g. New York is regarded as a centre of most international Finance (Castells, â€Å"the Power of Identity† 238). The global integration has revolutionarised major roles of this cities around the world their traditional roles have been modernized. And creation of new power systems established. These centers act as spheres of authority to the world economies and control a number of vital firms around the globe (Castells, â€Å"the Power of Identity† 240). They do also serv e as innovation command centers where new products are produced. In addition they benefit from the already telecommunication and air transport that’s already efficient and well coordinate (Castells, â€Å"the Power of Identity† 245). They do this so that they can remain at competitive edge and strengthen their grip in their approach in investment. When they are financially sound they proceed and set up more real estate businesses in order to plough back what they have got over the times. Smaller world economies have been subjected to these new centers of power in how they formulate their policies and working guidelines (Castells, â€Å"the Power of Identity†248). Self Programmable Labor Self programmable labor describes the growing labor force that is the reduction of the proportion of the labor force (Castells, â€Å"The network society† 200). This is characterized with long tenure employment and promising career path. When new employees are hired for th eir flexibility they replace the old labor force entitled to job security in large scale firms. In generic labor, the definition is slightly different (Castells, â€Å"The network society†201). It’s where a parallel growth of highly educated occupations and low skill jobs with very different bargaining power in the labor market. Individualization of Labor As new economies grow and expand each single day and competition is witnessed every day with a general emphasis on increased productivity, labor individualization becomes a necessity. Individualized labor has been created where by most professional have shifted their skills to match the new trend that is taking place in the corporate world (Castells, â€Å"The network society† 209). Most professionals have individualized there form of professionalism where there is more focus on in flexibility and look for more bargaining power to enhance there expertise. They have defined as clear path for there educational ne eds to target particular career path and opt for jobs which offers security and promotes there welfare (Castells, â€Å"The network society† 215). Impact of Individualization of labor on Trade Unions The transformation that has shaped the world economy and how business tend to cope up has had effects on major trade unions and movements a cross the world (Smith 16). In industrials sectors, the trade unions and movements have to adapt timely to recessions and embrace structural approach to its changes. Trade unions have been transformed in more developed countries to contribute and enhance the success and development of free and fair structures (Smith 18). This has been in form of creating peaceful and democratic nations, establishing markets and ensuring healthy competitions and helping to reduce the negative effects of debts being levied to most third world countries (Smith 24). New formulations and developments to create a just and fair trade between countries have been stre ngthened through unity. Trade barriers and restrictions have been lowered to facilitate trade balance between countries. Conclusion In conclusion, the enslavement of the human population across the world had some positive and negative advantages all together. For instance, economies of the super rich countries, in western world, thrived agriculturally and industrially because of cheap labor and raw materials from the third world countries. Most of the nations where this happened, especially the third world countries, remained very poor. Furthermore, the human populations which were forced into the slavery were psychologically affected. After its abolishment, there arises a different form of enslavement peonage. Subtly racism continues to be exercised. A good indicator of the same is in the way the wealthy nations treat developing countries with an air of superiority not just economically but intellectually and racially. Wealthy nations contribute their share to international aids ag ency and financial institutions like IMF but also control them in every way. Through the established international institutions offer aid and loans but with stringed rules that make recipient countries mere puppets in the whole scheme undermining national sovereignty. Well the space of flow has allowed and shaped many aspects of many businesses in the societies. The revolution in the space flow has been occasioned by changes in communication around the world towards what is referred to as the information age. The information age is characterized by improved communication strategy that ensures information transfer around the globe in micro seconds. This has led to the establishment of networks which has enabled closer interlinking of associated societies and developed new social dimensions in today’s world. Work Cited Castells, Manuel. The network society: a cross-cultural perspective. Northampton: Edward Elgar Pub, 2004. Castells, Manuel. The Power of Identity: The Informatio n Age: Economy, Society, and Culture: New Jersey; John Wiley and Sons, 2009. Smith, M. K. Rhona. Textbook on International Human Rights. New York: Oxford University Press, 2007. Stalder, Felix. Manuel Castells: the theory of the network society. Cambridge: Polity, 2006. Winant, Howard. The New Politics of Race: Globalism, Difference, Justice. Minnesota: University of Minnesota Press, 2004.